The aim of the present work is to study the effect of chemical compound of the steel ROLL on the' FORCE required for ROLLing in the ROLL gap. This FORCE is known as "ROLL FORCE". Mathematical models for calculation of the ROLLing FORCE merely include parameters for which an exact relation with the ROLL FORCE is known. Since there is no clear mathematical relation between the chemical compound elements of the plate and the ROLL FORCE in most of mathematical models, these parameters are not considered. However, in some models these parameters are used as an empirical coefficient. Hence the output of mathematical models contains some error due to these unknown parameters.In this paper, the capability of the neural network in predicting the ROLL FORCE was examined. The chemical compound of the plate in predicting the ROLL FORCE without considering any mathematical relation with the ROLL FORCE was used.

This paper introduces an artificial neural network (ANN) application to a hot strip mill to improve the model’s prediction ability for ROLLing FORCE and ROLLing torque, as a function of various process parameters. To obtain a data basis for training and validation of the neural network, numerous three dimensional finite element simulations were carried out for different sets of process variables. Experimental data were compared with the finite element predictions to verify the model accuracy. Thus the ABAQUS and MATLAB soft wares are used to simulate the finite element method and an artificial neural network, respectively. The back-propagation algorithm and Levenberg-Marquardt Training function were used in the artificial neural network. The input variables are selected to be, initial temperature of the strip, interface heat-transfer coefficient between strip and work ROLL, percentage of thickness reduction, initial thickness and ROLLing speed. The resulted ANN model is feasible for on-line control and ROLLing schedule optimization and can be easily and rapidly predicted the ROLL FORCE and ROLL torque.

In this paper, the effect of flower pattern design in the cold ROLL reshaping process, on the energy consumption and uniform distribution of FORCE on the ROLLers at different forming stations, is investigated experimentally and numerically. Three-dimensional finite element simulations have been used to study the effect of variables and practical experiments have been performed to ensure the accuracy of the simulations. Dimensional and power consumption comparisons have been used to validate the simulation results. Along with the introduction of different design methods, the applied FORCE on the ROLLers is studied in three different designs of the flower pattern and in each method, changes in external work and internal energy are studied. The distribution of FORCE on the ROLLers in each method is also described. In addition to the minimum energy consumption, the uniformity of the FORCE distribution on the ROLLers has also been introduced as a criterion for the design of the flower pattern It has been shown that using the criterion of uniformity of FORCE applied to the ROLLers along with the criterion of minimum energy consumption, increases the dimensional accuracy of the product.

Purpose: Novice runners are at high risk of running-related injuries. However, their injury mechanisms are less well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of running-induced fatigue on foot ROLL-over pattern in novice runners.Methods: Eighteen (12 male and 6 female) novice runners participated in this study. Before and after the fatigue, plantar load distribution was recorded by Footscan system. Peak plantar pressure, peak FORCE underneath of each zone and Medio-lateral FORCE distribution ratio were calculated during forefoot push-off phase. Furthermore, temporal data such as time to peak FORCE for each region and duration percent for each phase were calculated.Results: After the fatigue, an increase in forefoot and midfoot loading was observed. Results showed statistically significant reduction in the Medio-lateral FORCE distribution ratio in forefoot push off (p=0.029). Moreover, timing percent of initial contact phase and forefoot contact phase were decreased (p=0.001 and p=0.009 respectively) and percent of forefoot push off phase duration was increased significantly (p=0.036). Time to peak FORCE in the 4th metatarsal reduced.Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrated that running-induced fatigue caused load and plantar pressure distribution consequently, ROLL-over deviations in novice runners. These results may provide useful information related to several running related injuries.

ROLL motion is one of the most important and dangerous motions of the ship and can even result in capsizing of the vessel. Therefore, its control has been always of interest for marine industry researchers. Among the various methods and equipment for contROLLing the ROLL motion, the use of free surface anti-ROLL tanks has been one of the most important methods and which used in many cases due to its simplicity in construction and design. The high efficiency of these tanks at all speeds and even without speed is another strength of these tanks. This study investigates the effect of the free surface anti-ROLL tank on the ROLL motion numerically and experimentally. In the numerical simulation, a CFD sloshing solver, based on the “ Open source Field Operation And Manipulation” , known in short as Open-FOAM, and assuming 2D laminar flow conditions, is customized to calculate the sloshing loads from the tank. The predicted ROLL damping and moments due to the anti-ROLL tank are validated against experimental results. This simulator could be used as a sloshing simulator to couple with seakeeping solvers.

In this paper, control system is designed to reduce ROLL angle which consequently leads into increasing vehicle ROLL threshold during high lateral accelerations. Accordingly, the two same rotation-electric actuators are mounted on front and rear suspension system anti-ROLL bars. This control system turns by applying an opposite couple that is acted upon the chassis, as time varying, reduce the lateral acceleration as it possible and improves lateral stability and ROLL threshold during extreme maneuvers. In order to find out the effects of the performance of this active system on vehicle stability, firstly based on  nonlinear eight degrees of freedom model of the lateral dynamics of the vehicle and by taking Steering angle as an input, the kinematic parameters and finally ROLL threshold that is defined lateral load transfer, is estimated. Then, the optimized second order control theory with three degrees of freedom of the vehicle model is used to design the contROLLer. Finally, with the aid of comprehensive model of the vehicle, the lateral dynamics of the vehicle as well as the effects of the contROLLer during path of standard Fish hook maneuver are investigated.